Science and Technology - GAGANYAAN MISSION

GAGANYAAN MISSION

Prime Minister in his Independence Day speech announced that ISRO will be sending its first human spaceflight mission into the space by 2022.

Background

·         In 2004, the manned space mission was first endorsed by the ISRO Policy Planning Committee.

·         ISRO has successfully demonstrated some of the technologies required for the  mission such as Space Capsule Recovery Experiment (SRE-2007), Crew module Atmospheric Reentry Experiment (CARE-2014), GSLV Mk-III (2014), Reusable Launch Vehicle- Technology Demonstrator (RLV-TD), Crew Escape System (2018) and Pad Abort Test (2018).

·         ISRO also recently unveiled a space capsule(crew module) and Space suit prototype.

·         ISRO has also finalized the layout and design of Environmental Control & Life Support System (ECLSS).

·         A successful implementation of the mission could provide with multiple benefits such as: development of newer technologies, increased understanding of functioning of human body, understanding of effects of microgravity and cosmic radiation on bio- organisms ranging from bacteria and plants to large mammals etc.

Specifications

·         Launch Vehicle: GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle will be used to launch Gaganyaan. Two unmanned Gaganyaan missions will be undertaken prior to sending humans, with first unmanned flight within 30 months.

·         Cost: It’s expected to be less than Rs. 10,000Crores.

·         Aim: To send a three-member crew to space for a period of five to seven days. The spacecraft will be placed in a low earth orbit of 300-400km.

·         This will be the first human mission indigenously developed by ISRO.

Thanks

Career Destination Academy

Science and Technology - YOUNG SCIENTIST PROGRAMME (YUVIKA)

YOUNG  SCIENTIST  PROGRAMME (YUVIKA)

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has recently launched Young Scientist Programme/ YUva VIgyani KAryakram (Yuvika) for school students.

About the Young Scientist Programme

·         It aims to inculcate and nurture space research fervor in young minds

·         Under this 1-month program, 3 students from each of the 29 States and 7 UTs will be selected.

·         Students mostly from class VIII will be given lectures and access to R&D labs and practical experience of building a small satellite.

·         Eligibility: Students who have just finished  9th standard (in the academic year 2018-19) and waiting to join 10th standard (or those who have started 10th Std just now).

·         All the expenses of travelling and boarding will be funded entirely by ISRO.

·         Under this, six incubation centres will be established in various parts of the country - North, South, East, West, Centre and North- East, and the first such centre has been established in Agartala in Tripura.

Thanks

Career Destination Academy

Science and Technology - INDIA’S FIRST ROBOTIC TELESCOPE

INDIA’S  FIRST ROBOTIC  TELESCOPE

Recently, India’s first robotic telescope – Global Relay of Observatories Watching Transients Happen (GROWTH)-India, began its operation at the Indian Astronomical Observatory (IAO) in Hanle in Ladakh.

GROWTH-India

•     It is a joint project of Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Bangalore and the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB).
•      It is fully funded by the Science and Engineering Board (SERB) of the Department of Science and Technology, under the PIRE project, administered by the Indo-US Science and Technology Forum. 
•   It is a 70cm telescope and the primary objective of the project is the time domain astronomy.
•    It is mainly an imaging telescope
•   The first targets for the telescope were chosen from the Messier catalogue (a catalogue of nearby, bright astronomical sources accessible from the northern hemisphere).

About GROWTH Initiative

•          It is a part of multi-country collaborative initiative to observe transient events in the universe.
•      The initiative focus on three scientific themes in the field of time-domain astronomy –cosmic  explosions (supernova), small near- earth asteroids and the electromagnetic  identification of gravitational wave sources.
•       It is a fully robotic optical research telescope which has been designed to capture cosmic events occurring in timescales much shorter than light years like years, days and even hours.
•         Partners: Universities and research institutes from the US, the UK, Japan, India, Germany, Taiwan and Israel are part of the initiative.

What are transient events?

·         These are short lived burst of energy in a system caused by a sudden change of state.

·         The events are caused due to several factors such as relatively benign flares of stars, accretion of matter on compact objects, stellar merger and explosions.

·         All these result in a flash in the sky for a period and then slowly fade away.

·         Through these electromagnetic signatures, astronomers try to gain an insight into the cosmic objects as well as physical processes that govern their evolution.

What is Time Domain Astronomy?

It is the study of how astronomical objects change with time. Changes may be due to movement or physical changes in the object itself. Examples include pulsar variability, and the variability of accreting black holes, variable stars, and the Sun.

Himalayan Chandra Telescope

·         It is a 2-m Telescope at IAO, Hanule, ladakh.

·         It is remotely operated using dedicated satellite communication link from the Centre of Research & Education in Science and Technology.

Thanks
Career Destination Academy

Punjab General Knowledge

Hello Readers,
                       This pdf is a  useful for Punjab upcoming Exams. In this pdf file we are trying to cover the important part of Punjab General Knowledge with one liner questions also objective type Questions. Click the link given below:


Click here to Download the file.


Thanks
Career Destination Academy

Science and technology - GSAT-11

GSAT-11

GSAT-11, the heaviest satellite built by ISRO was launched from French Guiana by Ariane-V Rocket of Arianespace (a joint venture of Airbus and Safran).

About GSAT-11

·         It weighs around 5855 Kg, double the size of biggest satellite built by ISRO till now. ISRO’s most powerful launcher GSLV-Mk III can launch satellite weighing up to 4000 kg only.

·         It is part of ISRO’s high-throughout communication satellite (HTS) fleet that will drive the country’s Internet Broadband from space to untouched areas. It is built to provide throughput data rate of 16 gbps.

·         It carries 40 transponders in Ku (32)/ Ka (8) Band. For the First time use of Ka-Band is introduced in India through GSAT-11.

·         It will be placed in a circular geo-stationary orbit almost 36,000 Km away and settle at 74° E in India.

·         It has a lifespan of 15 years.

GSAT

·         A GSAT is a series of geosynchronous satellite placed in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period same as the Earth's rotation period.

·         Such a satellite returns to the same position in the sky after each day.

·         A special case of geosynchronous satellite is the geostationary satellite, which has a geostationary orbit – a circular orbit directly above the Earth's equator.

o     Geosynchronous satellites have the advantage of remaining permanently in the same area of the sky, as viewed from a particular location on Earth.

o     Geostationary satellites have the special property of remaining permanently fixed in exactly the same position in the sky, meaning that ground-based antennas do not need to track them but can remain fixed in one direction. Such satellites are often used for communication purposes. This orbit is present at an altitude of approx. 35,786 km in the equatorial plane.

Related information

Sun Synchronous Orbits (or Low Earth Orbit): These orbits allows a satellite to pass over a section of the Earth at the same time of day. These satellites orbit at an altitude between 700 to 800 km.

Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) is an elliptical orbit, with  an  apogee  (high  point)  of  35,784  kilometers  and an   inclination   roughly   equal   to   the   latitude   of   the launch  site,  into  which  a  spacecraft  is  initially  placed before   being   transferred   to   a   geosynchronous   or geostationary orbit.

Thanks
Career Destination Academy

List of Punjab Cabinet Ministers 2018-2019

S.No.	Name	Portfolio(s)
Chief Minister:
1	Capt. Amarinder Singh	Administrative Reforms Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Horticulture Conservation of Land and Water Civil Aviation Defence Services Welfare Excise & Taxation General Administration Home Affairs & Justice Hospitality Investment Promotion Information & Public Relations Legal & Legislative Affairs Personnel Environment Vigilance Wildlife NRI Affairs Food Processing
Cabinet Ministers:
2	Shri. Brahm Mohindra	Health & Family Welfare Research & Medical Education Parliamentary Affairs Elections Removal of Grievances
3	Shri. Navjot Singh Sidhu	Local Government Tourism and Cultural Affairs
4	Shri. Manpreet Singh Badal	Finance Planning Programme Implementation Governance Reforms
5	Shri. Om Parkash Soni	School Education Freedom Fighters
6	Shri. Sadhu Singh Dharmsot	Forests Printing and Stationary Welfare of SCs and BCs
7	Shri. Tript Rajinder Singh Bajwa	Rural Development and Panchayats Housing & Urban Development
8	Rana Gurmeet Singh Sodhi	Sports and Youth Affairs
9	Shri. Charanjit Singh Channi	Technical Education & Industrial Training Employment Generation Science & Technology
10	Smt. Aruna Chaudhary	Social Security Women & Child Development Transport
11	Smt. Razia Sultana	Higher Education Water Supply & Sanitation (Public Health)
12	Shri. Sukhjinder Singh Randhawa	Cooperation Jails
13	Shri. Sukhbinder Singh Sarkaria	Revenue, Rehabilitation and Disaster Management Water Resources Mines & Geology
14	Shri. Gurpreet Singh Kangar	Power New and Renewable Energy Sources
15	Shri. Balbir Singh Sidhu	Animal Husbandry, Dairy Development Labour
16	Shri. Vijay Inder Singla	Public Works Information Technology
17	Shri. Sunder Sham Arora	Industries & Commerce
18	Shri. Bharat Bhushan Ashu	Food & Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs

Important Battles fought by Guru Gobind Singh ji

Guru Gobind Singh fought battles against the Mughal Empire and the kings of Siwalik Hills.

·         Battle of Bhangani (1688), which states chapter 8 of Gobind Singh's Bicitra Natak, when Fateh Shah, along with mercenary commanders Hayat Khan and Najabat Khan, attacked his forces without any purpose. The Guru was aided by forces of Kripal (his maternal uncle) and a Brahmin named Daya Ram, both of whom he praises as heroes in his text. The Guru's cousin named Sango Shah was killed in the battle, a cousin from Guru Hargobind's daughter.

·         Guru Ji Vs Raja Bhim Chand and other Hill Chief

·         Victory – Guru Ji

·         Result – Bhim Chand and other Rajput become friends of Guru Ji

·         Battle of Nadaun (1691), against the Islamic armies of Mian Khan and his son Alif Khan, who were defeated by the allied forces of Guru Gobind Singh, Bhim Chand and other Hindu kings of Himalayan foothills. The non-Muslims aligned to the Guru had refused to pay tribute to the Islamic officials based in Jammu.

·         Guru Ji + Bhimchand + other Hill Chief Vs Alif Khan

·         Result – Alif Khan was defeated

In 1693, Aurangzeb was fighting the Hindu Marathas in the Deccan region of India, and he issued orders that Guru Gobind Singh and Sikhs should be prevented from gathering in Anandpur in large numbers.

·         Battle of Guler (1696), first against the Muslim commander Dilawar Khan's son Rustam Khan, near Sutlej river, where the Guru teamed up with the Hindu king of Guler and routed the Muslim army. The commander sent his general Hussain Khan against the armies of the Guru and the Guler kingdom, a war fought near Pathankot, and Hussain Khan was defeated and killed by the joint forces.

·         Battle of Anandpur (1700), against the Mughal army of Aurangzeb, who had sent 10,000 soldiers under the command of Painda Khan and Dina Beg. In a direct combat between Guru Gobind Singh and Painda Khan, the latter was killed. His death led to the Mughal army fleeing the battlefield.

·         Battle of Anandpur (1701), against the neighbouring Hindu kingdom chiefs who controlled the mountain kingdoms. This was accompanied by a battle wherein Jagatullah was killed by Sikh forces. The hill chiefs laid a siege of Anandpur, and the Guru had to temporarily leave Anandpur as a condition for peace. According to Louis Fenech, his wars with kings of the Himalayan kingdoms was likely triggered by the growing army of Sikhs, which then raided and plundered villages in nearby mountainous kingdoms for supplies; the Hindu kings joined forces and blockaded Anandpur.

·         Battle of Nirmohgarh (1702), against the forces of Aurangzeb, led by Wazir Khan on the banks of Nirmohgarh. The battle continued for two days, with heavy losses on both sides, and Wazir Khan army left the battlefield.

·         Battle of Basoli (1702), against the Mughal army; named after the kingdom of Basoli whose Raja Dharampul supported the Guru in the battle. The Mughal army was supported by rival kingdom of Kahlur led by Raja Ajmer Chand. The battle ended when the two sides reached a tactical peace.

·         Second Battle of Anandpur, The Mughal general was fatally wounded by Sikh soldiers, and the army withdrew. Aurangzeb then sent a larger army with two generals, Wazir Khan and Zaberdast Khan in May 1704, to destroy the Sikh resistance. The approach the Islamic army took in this battle was to lay a protracted siege against Anandpur, from May to December, cutting off all food and other supplies moving in and out, along with repeated battles. Some Sikh men deserted the Guru during Anandpur siege in 1704, and escaped to their homes where their women shamed them and they rejoined the Guru's army and died fighting with him in 1705. Towards the end, the Guru, his family and followers accepted an offer by Aurangzeb of safe passage out of Anandpur. However, as they left Anandpur in two batches, they were attacked, and one of the batches with Mata Gujari and Guru's two sons – Zorawar Singh aged 8 and Fateh Singh aged 5 – were taken captive by the Mughal army. Both his children were executed by burying them alive into a wall. The grandmother Mata Gujari died there as well.

·         Battle of Sarsa (1704), against the Mughal army led by general Wazir Khan; the Muslim commander had conveyed Aurangzeb's promise of a safe passage to Guru Gobind Singh and his family in early December. However, when the Guru accepted the offer and left, Wazir Khan took captives, executed them and pursued the Guru. The retreating troops he was with were repeated attacked from behind, with heavy casualties to the Sikhs, particularly while crossing the Sarsa river.

·         Battle of Chamkaur (1704) Regarded as one of the most important battle of the Sikh history. It was against the Mughal army led by Nahar Khan; the Muslim commander was killed, while on Sikh side the remaining two elder sons of the Guru – Ajit Singh and Jujhar Singh, along with other Sikh soldiers were killed in this battle.

·         Battle of Muktsar (1705), the Guru's army was re-attacked by the Mughal army, being hunted down by general Wazir Khan, in the arid area of Khidrana-ki-Dhab. The Mughals were blocked again, but with many losses of Sikh lives – particularly the famous Chalis Mukte (literally, the "forty liberated ones"), and this was the last battle led by Guru Gobind Singh. The place of battle called Khidrana was renamed about a 100 years later by Ranjit Singh to Mukt-sar (literally, "lake of liberation"), after the term "Mukt" (moksha) of the ancient Indian tradition, in honour of those who gave their lives for the cause of liberation.

Current Affairs April 2019

Hello Readers,
                       Monthly Current Affairs pdf is a complete document useful for Banking, Punjab, SSC and Many others Competitive Exams. Click the link given below:

Click Here to download the file.


You may also visit the previous file:

Current Affairs March 2019

Punjab General Knowledge Questions Part -I

1. Who was the Bundela chief who allied with Bahadur Shah against Banda Bahadur?

Chattarsal

2. Which Guru Began the transformation of sikhs into a militant community? 

Hargobind

3. Under whose Gurudom did the Sikhs became a political and military force?

Hargobind

4. In how many misle(confederacies) were the sikhs organized?

12

5. To which 'misl' did Ranjit Singh belong?

Sukerchakia

6. Where did Ranjit Singh modern factories to manufacture canon?

Nihang

7. Who served as Ranjit singh's Finance minister?

Dinanath

8. Who composed the famous romantic epic Heer Ranjha?

Warris shah

9. Who Was the Guru When the Sikh Khalsa was Formed?

Guru Gobind Singh

10. In 1805,Ranjit Singh won Amritsar From the________ misl?

Bhangi

11. When was the treaty of Amritsar

Signed?

1809

12. The treaty of Amritsar gave the British Control over________ territories?

Cis Sutlej

13. Who were the French officers associated with the training of Ranjit Singh Army?

Venture and Allard

14. Who set up an artillery unit for Ranjit Singh?

Court and Gardner

15. When did the British sign a treaty of perpetual Friendship with Ranjit singh?

1809

16. When did Ranjit Singh die?

1839

17. Who was the British Governor General When the First Anglo Sikh War took place?

Lord Hardinge

18. When did the First Anglo Sikh war took place?

1846

19. Who was the Prime minister of Punjab When the 1st Anglo-sikh war took place?

Lal Singh

20. Who was the commander in chief of Punjab during the first Anglo Sikh ?

Misar Tej Singh

21. The Treaty of_______was signed on 8 march,1846 marking the end of 1^st Anglo-sikh war.?

Lahore

22. Who was the leader of sikh revolt of 1848 at ?

Multan Mulraj

23. Who led the sikh revolt of 1848 at Lahore?

Chattar Singh Attriwasl

24. Which governor general annexed Punjab?

Dalhosie

25. Which governor general is associated with doctrine of lapse?

Dalhosie

26. The Battle of ________ was the most decisive battle in the first Anglo sikh War?

Sobraon

27. Who was appointed as the British resident of Lahore in 1846 ?

Henry Lawrence

28. .Who was made the regent of Punjab state by the treaty of Lahore?

Rani Jindan

29. Who was the new British Resident Of Punjab in 1848?

Fedrick Mann

30. Who was the Sikh governor of Hazarah Who sided with the rebels of Multan in 1848?

Chattar Singh

31. The Battle of _______ was the most decisive battle in the second Anglo Sikh war?

Gujarat

32. Who commented "Annexation of Punjab was not an annexation but a treachery"?

Napier

33. When was Bhagat of Punjab and Udaipur annexed under doctrine of Lapse?

1852

34. Where was the main centre of Wahabi movement in india ?

Patna

35. Which movement was Know as Namdhari mission?

Kuka

36. The kuka movement played a prominent role in arousing the feeling o Patriotism in?

Punjab

37. Who was the Chief inspirator of kuka Movement?

Ram Singh

38. Who was the Guru of Bhai Ram Singh ?

Balak Singh

39. Who stressed on the need for the recitation of chandi Path, Gurwani, Naam Jap and Ass di var?

Ram Singh

40. Which animal was worshipped in the kuka Movement?

Cow

41. The leader of the kuka Movement Who was perhaps the first person t adopt the policy of non co-operation against the British was?

Ram singh

42. Which kuka Leader appointed subadars and naib subaidars?

Ram singh

43. Who was the lieutenant governor of Punjab in 1863?

 Outram

44. The Native Village of Ram Singh was?

Bhaini

45. Bhai Ram Singh was put under house arrest at 1863 ?

Bhaini

46. Who was the commissioner of Ambala When Ram Singh was put under?

R J Taylor

47. The _______sikh were bitter opponents of cow slaughter ?

Namdhari

48. Where did the NAmdharis confornt the British on the issue on Cowslaughter?

Raigarh

49. The Namdhari Attacked the Slaughter house at_______on 15 jan 1872?

Malerkotla

50. The deputy commissioner of Ludhiana responsible for the execution of fourty nine Naamdharis on 16 jan 1872 was?

Cowan

51. To where was Bhai Ram singh deported by the British ?

Burma

52. Which Nationalist leader was know as Sher e Punjab?

Lala Lajpat Rai

53. Lala Lalpat Rai Began his practice of Law in ?

Hissar

54. When did Lala Lajpat Rai Speak in the Congress session for the the first Time?

1888

55. Who published newspaper like The Punjabi and The people ?

Lala Lajpat Rai

56. Who was the viceroy who described Lajpat Rai as dangerous conspirator ?

Harding

57. Who used the name of kali and Durga to inspire the feeling of self pride?

Aurbindo Ghosh

58. Who Presidend over the First session of All india Hindu Maha Sabha ?

Maharaja of Kasim Bazaar

59. Who gave the slogan Home rule is m birth right and i shall have it?

Bal Ganga Dhar Tilak 

60. When was the Ghadar Rebellion party formed?

1913

61. The weekly paper of Ghadar party was?

Ghadar

62. Who said"We are not sikhs or Punjabis our religion was patriotism" ?

Sohan Singh Bhakna

63. ________1915 was fixed as the date for an armed revolt in the Punjab?

21 february

64. _____ Light infantry at Singapore revolted being inspired by the Ghadar Party?

fifth

65. Who composed the song Pagari Samnhal Jatta?

Banke Dayal

66. .Who was the lieutenant governor of Punjab in 1906?

lbertson

67. on 22 nov 1908 the DSP of______ was assasssinated by the Punjabi Pevolutionaries?

Layalpur

68. Where did the Ajit singh escape to in 1908?

France

69. Which revolutionary is supposed to be the master mind in the attack on Harding?

Lal Hardayal

70. When did Lala Hardayal return to india?

1906

71. Which ship was prevented from entry into india in 1914?

Kamagata Maru

72. Who informed the goverment about the Gadhar party's plan of revolt in India?

Satpal Singh

73. which of the revolutionaries started the Scheme of Scholarship for Indian Student in England?

S K Verma

74. Revolutionaries associated with the papers Talwar and indian freedom Was?

Sardar Singh Rana

75. Masan Lal Dhingra went to Englandd in 1906 to study______

Engineering

76. Whom did Madan Lal Dhingra Murder in 1909 ?

Curzon Wylie

77. initially Madan lal Dhingra had plan to murder_______

Curzon

78. Who described Madan lal Dhingras murder of curzon Wylie as senseless ?

Agha khan

79. Who described Madan lal Dhingras act as national loss ?

Aga Khan

80. When was Madan Lal Dhingra

sentenced to death ?

1909

81. To Whom did Madan Lal Dhingra express his 3 wishes before dying ?

V D Savarkar

82. Where was the Ghadar party set up by Lala Hardayal in 1913?

San Fransisco

83. Where was the First President of Ghadar party ?

Sohan Singh Bhakna

84. Who was the first secretary general of Ghadar party?

Lala Hardayal

85. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred on___________

13 April 1919

86. who were the two doctors whose arrest led a crowed together at jallianwala bagh?

Saifudin Kitchlew and Satyapal

87. Who was the Milltary commander of Amritsar reponsible for the jallianwala bagh Massacre?

General Dyre

88. Who renounced his knighthood in protest against the jallianwala bagh Massacre?

Rabinder Nath Tagore

89. The Muslim leader who was given the keys of Golden temple? Dr Kitchlew

90. When did Gandhi declare that Khilafat question over shadowed that of constitutional reforms and the Punjab wrongs?

1920

91. The indian struggle was the autobiography of?

Subhash Chander Bose

92. The Hindustan republican association changed its name to Hindustan socialist republican organization in__________

1928

93. Lala Lajpat Rai died on_________

17 November 1928

94. Who was the pujabi leader killed because of brutal lathi charge on an antisimon commison rally in 1928?

Lala Lajpat Rai

95. The British officer who lead the brutal Lathi Charge was________ Saundres

96. Bhagat singh and Raiguru on dec 1928 killed__________ Saundres

97. Bhagat Singh andd B K Dutt threw a bomb in the central legislative assembly on

8 April 1929

98. The revolutionary who laid down his life after 66 day fast was ?

Jatin das

99. When in 1931 were Bhagat Singh Rajguru and Sukhdev executed?

 23 March

Must read the articles:
List of Traditional Ornaments(Men and Women) of Punjab
List of Governers of Punjab
List of Chief Ministers (CM) of Punjab